Malaybalay, Bukidnon

The original inhabitants of Malaybalay were various indigenous groups belonging to the Lumad ethnolinguistic communities. Among these groups are the Bukidnon, Higaonon, Manobo, and Talaandig. These communities traditionally engaged in agriculture, hunting, and gathering, adapting to the diverse ecosystems of the area.

Lumad societies in the region were characterized by a decentralized structure with communities led by local rulers or datus. They practiced a form of swidden agriculture, cultivating hillside fields and utilizing forest resources sustainably. Social organization was often based on kinship ties and mutual cooperation within the community.

The arrival of Spanish colonizers in the Philippines in the 16th century marked a significant turning point in the history of Malaybalay and the surrounding regions. The imposition of foreign rule brought about changes in governance, culture, and religion. Despite these changes, the Lumad communities in Malaybalay have continued to preserve their cultural heritage, and their traditional way of life remains an integral part of the region’s identity.

A Spanish colonial-era legend recounts the origin of Malaybalay’s name during an encounter between local children and Spanish explorers. Upon meeting children playing near Sawaga, the soldiers inquired about the place’s name. Misinterpreting the question, the children responded, tagbalaybalay kay (or we are playing house), leading the soldiers to record the name as Malaybalay.

The original inhabitants migrated from the seashores of Northern Mindanao due to pirates and Spanish colonizers. Spanish missionaries established settlements like Sumilao, Linabo, Mailag, and Silae. In 1850, the Spaniards burned Kalasungay during a final battle with the Lumads, marking the last resistance against Spanish conquerors.